Should You Get Life Insurance

Should You Get Life Insurance Should You Get Life Insurance? Should You Get Life Insurance?Life insurance can help protect the ones you love when youre goneâ€"but you want to make sure that you do your research before committing to a plan.On this blog, we often write about ways that people can protect their financial futures. Oftentimes, this advice boils down to one simple maxim: Be prepared for the worst. And is there anything worse than a person’s death leaving their loved ones in dire financial straits?Luckily, that’s where life insurance comes in.“Everyone who has someone who depends on them, and would be placed in a worse off financial situation were they to die, almost always needs some form of life insurance,” said Certified Financial Planner Joel Ohman (@JoelOhman), founder of  InsuranceProviders.com.But even once you decide to purchase a life insurance policy, there are still many more decisions ahead of you. Don’t worry. That’s why we’re here. When it comes to life insurance, here’s what you need to know.How does lif e insurance work?“A life insurance policy is a contract between you and an insurance company to provide you with coverage based upon your timely payment of premiums,” explained Chris Mason, senior vice president of sales distribution for  independent health insurance agency  HealthMarkets  (@HealthMarkets).“It provides a death benefit to your named beneficiary (generally a spouse) upon your deaths. When you pass away, your beneficiary files a claim with the insurance company to submit proof (a death certificate) of your passing.”“The death benefits from life insurance are often used to pay for burial and final expenses, replace the income of the individual who has passed, and/or to pay off a mortgage,” he continued. “If you leave behind a spouse, children or other loved ones, life insurance policies can help alleviate any financial burdens when coping with the loss of a loved one.“Losing a parent, partner or spouse can be one of the most emotionally challenging exper iences any one of us can face. If you add the financial aspects of this loss, it can seem unbearable. Having life insurance helps mitigate some aspects of financial stress.”While some life insurance policies can be used for purposes beyond a straightforward death benefit payout, Ohman warned that consumers should be cautious with plans like these.“Unless there are complex estate planning requirements or the insured has exhausted all other investment options, then typically the idea to use life insurance outside of a straightforward death benefit payout is a fools errand that will only result in a fancier car for your insurance agent,” he said.Term life insurance.When considering a life insurance policy, you’ll have to choose between two basic types: term life insurance and permanent (or universal) life insurance.Term life insurance generally offers the highest death benefit for the lowest cost, said Mason. It covers a specific period of time, generally ten, fifteen, twenty or thirty years. Policyholders pay an annual or monthly fixed premium that is renewable every year. If you are young, premiums for this type of life insurance are low but as you get older, the premiums increase.Nelson Lee, managing partner of insurtech company  Pacific Wealth Solutions laid out some of the pros and cons of both term and permanent life insurance. For term life insurance, his pros were the following:“In the short term, its much cheaper to buy the same death benefit compared to a permanent policy.”“Simple to understand, harder to be misrepresented. Die in this term and get this much. Die outside of this term you get zero. Easy to explain, easy to sell, easy to make a decision.”As for the cons, here’s what Lee had to say:If you die after the term expiration, you dont get any death benefit claims. Zero insurance if you live too long.If you die after the term expiration, you dont get any of your premiums back. Zero money back if you end up wasting the policy. Th ere are a few rare policies that partially return the premium many decades after purchase, but they tend to be much more expensive than regular term (defeats purpose of term), and the amount returned would be worth very little due to inflation after 20 years, so its not a real return of premium value.Additionally, Lee shared some statistics that might lead you away from a term life plan.“On average, most studies indicate that less than two percent (in some studies less than one percent) of all terms ever pay out,” he said. “In other words, 98-99 percent of all term clients end up wasting their money, gifting it to the insurance carriers in exchange for nothing when they die.”“This is an average, meaning if youre a younger person, your odds are even worse, simply due to life expectancy and age relationships.”Permanent life insurance.“Permanent life insurance is policies that will cover you until you die as long as the premiums are paid,” explained Mason. “Part of th e premium goes toward cash value, allowing you to accumulate tax-deferred savings. Most permanent life insurance policies do not have a significant cash value in the early years, but they can perform very well over time if funded properly.”If that sounds a lot like an investment accountâ€"similar in some ways to a 401(k) â€"that’s because it is!“Permanent life insurance carries a cash value that is like a bank/investment account, that the client can use as a savings/investments tool, or simply to make sure they can withdraw cash when it’s needed in the future or get some of their money back,” said Lee.Here are Lee’s pros for permanent life insurance, which came with a warning that these benefits, while great, are still often overstated by proponents of these plans:As long as you keep the policy in force, you never waste your money because insurance is permanent and never expires. Not possible to outlive your benefits.You get a cash value that gives you the opportunity to make investment gains on the premiums paid, in addition to simply wanting to get your money back at some point.You have the opportunity to get all (or even more than) the premiums paid back, and still keep the insurance in force. Keep both, get money back and keep the insurance permanently.You can loan against the policy cash value for tax-free or tax-deferred income/gains.Death benefit can grow larger with time, as opposed to a fixed amount like term.In some products, payment amounts and periods can be fixed and guaranteed.The top products will provide high rates of guarantees and very competitive risk-adjusted returns that may provide better risk-return tradeoffs than other investment alternatives.Similarly, Lee cautioned that his cons for permanent life insurance policies were also often misrepresented by those hoping to sell consumers on term policies instead:If you pick the wrong permanent policy, you could lapse it, and end up paying more than term, and still get no insurance when you die, if it lapses before death.Mathematically and conceptually much more complicated than term, harder to understand, easier to misrepresent, easier for low-quality products (or agents) to disguise as competent ones.Some (not all) products have perpetual payments built in, meaning you must pay premiums every single year as long as you stay alive, or in some instances require you to pay at least until age 90 or 100, although this type is becoming rarer and less popular, and dont perform well. This product type pays the highest commissions (of course).Much higher premiums initially for the same amount of death benefit compared to term (although long term with proper cash value gains you more than making it back).Some product designs have variable returns and variable costs that provide no downside protection or guarantee for clients, making it riskier than the client might perceive.Which should you choose?Sorry to disappoint, but there isn’t really a right or wrong answer here. The right policy for you will depend on your age, means, and other circumstances. Still, one thing you should do no matter what is to dig in deep and understand the policies you’re choosing from before you make your final decision.In terms of the age factor, Lee offered these thoughts:“If you are an older person and you dont expect yourself to outlive the term of your policy (you think you will die in 10 or 20 years), and you dont mind not getting your money back if you do live longer, and also dont mind getting zero insurance if you live longer, then term might be a good fit for you.”“If you are younger (younger than 40), you have likely more than 99.5 percent chance of just wasting your money on nothing. At the benefit of agents and carriers.”Lee also warned about the dangers of making sweeping assumptions about term  policies versus permanent policies:“Overly broad generalizations in investments/insurance are exactly thatâ€"overly broad, almost never true, and a lmost always misrepresented to exaggerated. The credibility and bias of people making such oversimplified claims must and should be examined.Term and permanent life insurance are both very broad terms that each cover thousands of different products. It is simply not possible to say which is better in a cookie-cutter manner, and each has a place in the insurance industry.“Which is better depends on the desired outcome, age of the client, investment requirements, acceptance of worst outcomes, expectations, carrier selection, product design, tax situation, etc.“How much the pros and cons out-weigh each other really just depend, and that first assumes you were accurately informed of the pros and cons in the first place (unlikely),” he concluded.Ohlman, however, has a different assessment. “Its very rare that you need any type of fancy life insurance policy other than a plain vanilla term life policy. Term life is simple, straightforward, and likely much cheaper than you think,† he said.He cautioned that the worst thing you could do was make a decisionâ€"any decisionâ€"unprepared:“The options for life insurance are vast: From whole life insurance to universal life insurance to many variations and permutations of the above, some with market participation and investment exposure and others with a dizzying array of riders and features that will make your head spin. Be very wary about purchasing something that you dont fully understand.”How can you save money on life insurance?No matter what plan you end up choosing, you should try and find the most cost-effective solution possible. That doesn’t always mean finding the deal with the lowest price tag. Far from it. Paying slightly higher premiums and getting a lot more from your plan can be better than paying less and getting less.When you’re starting out, Ohlman recommends using an online calculator to help you determine how what level of coverage you’ll need.“There are many different life insuranc e calculators online that will give you a good ballpark estimate of how much life insurance you may need,” he said. “Be sure to do a little homework and at least understand some of the different variables that go into determining how much you need before speaking with your insurance agent or another financial professional.”“The nice thing about using a life insurance calculator online is that you dont have to do any math (unless you like doing math, of course!). Just plug in the numbers and press the button!”“If you find yourself getting bogged down with all of the various calculators and different formulas used,” he added, “then take a step back and just ask yourself this question: ‘What is the absolute minimum amount of money that my loved ones would need if I passed away to not have to worry about money, not have to change their lifestyle or dreams, and not have to get a new job?’ Now double it.”Mason also had three great pieces of advice to help you  save m oney and find the most cost-effective plan:“One of the most impactful ways to save on life insurance is to complete a needs analysis, as sometimes there is an overstatement or understatement. Doing the analysis with a licensed agent helps ensure you are buying the right amount of coverage and not buying too much, which could drive up the cost.”“Buy life insurance while you are young! It only gets more expensive as you get older. I always advise people to not procrastinate because every year you age, the cost almost always goes up.”“Work with an agent who can represent multiple carriers so they can see what might be the most competitively priced product for your needs. Different insurers have different stances on various health concerns, so having an array to review and choose from can help with costs.”In the end, shopping for life insurance is a lot like shopping for any other large purchase. Do your research, carefully weigh the pros and cons, work with a professional w hen necessary, and then choose the plan that you feel works best for you!Take care of your moneyâ€"and your loved ones.Taking out a life insurance policy is one of many things you can do to protect your family members and loved ones from financial disaster. In that way, it’s not all that different from building your savings, paying down your debt, and maintaining a good credit score.When people don’t take care of those things, that’s how they end up needing substantial help when an unexpected bill or other financial shortfall takes them by surprise. It’s also how people end up relying on no credit check loans and short-term bad credit loans (like payday loans, title loans, and cash advances) to make ends meet, driving them into a cycle of debt.There are steps you can take to protect your financial futureâ€"not to mention the futures of those you love. To learn more, check out  these other posts and articles from OppLoans:Building Your Financial Life: Budgeting for Beginners1 0 Good Money Habits to Make Your Friends JealousThe Debt Snowball Method Can Help You Get out of DebtHow to Raise Your Credit Score by 100 PointsDo you have a   personal finance question youd like us to answer? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.  |  InstagramContributorsNelson Lee began his career in Finance as an Investment Banking Intern at J.P Morgan, before spending 7 years at Northwestern Mutual (one of the largest mutual life insurers in the US), and Pacific Advisor, a 156-year old financial consulting firm, where he became its youngest ever Advisor of the Year in 2016, specializing in quantitative mathematics analysis of insurance transactions. Nelson founded Pacific Wealth Solutions in 2017 in pursuit to solve the most prevalent epidemics in the life insurance industry.Chris Mason is the senior vice president of sales distribution for  HealthMarkets (@HealthMarkets), one of the largest independent health insurance agencies in the US that distributes he alth, Medicare, life and supplemental insurance products from more than 200 companies.Joel Ohman (@JoelOhman) is a Certified Financial Planner and the founder of  InsuranceProviders.com  and has been mentioned in many different publications including AllBusiness.com, AOL.com, Banks.com, BusinessInsider.com, ChicagoTribune.com, Forbes.com, Inc.com, Newsweek.com, Readers Digest, USA Today, WashingtonPost.com, WiseBread.com, Yahoo Finance, etc.

Writing News Shakespeares Works Are to Be Novelized

Hogarth Fiction subdivision of Random House is going to do publish novelization of famous Shakespeare’s plays, and has already enlisted a number of popular modern authors to do this job. However, it isn’t going to happen for quite some time – the publisher’s intention is to publish the books internationally in 2016, timing this event to coincide with the 400th anniversary of Shakespeare’s passing. The authors hired for this extraordinary task are Howard Jacobson, Jeanette Winterson, Margaret Atwood and Anne Tyler, each is supposed to write one novel (at least, at the time being). The first two to be published will be Taming of the Shrew by Anne Tyler and The Winter’s Tale by Jeanette Winterson. It hardly comes as news to the authors assigned to the task that they are doing something extremely unusual if not audacious, but they have a saving grace of understanding that they are hardly capable of adding anything to Shakespeare. According to Jeanette Winterson, she perceives this work as a possibility to form another kind of relationship with the text she considered to be a kind of talisman for her for many years. In the course of her literary career she worked with The Winter’s Tale under many disguises and sees it as an interesting opportunity to work with it directly, for once. The next two novelizations to come are The Tempest by Margaret Atwood and Merchant of Venice by Man Booker Prize-winner Howard Jacobson. It seems that the authors have been chosen in accordance with their personal attitudes towards different Shakespeare’s works – Atwood, for example, states that the play she is going to work on has always been a favorite of hers, and it would be interesting to show her own interpretation of this work. However, by this moment the novelizations are limited to romances and comedies. Nevertheless, Clara Farmer, the publishing director of Hogarth Shakespeare, says that this limitation will probably not stick – they are planning to novelize all the canonic Shakespeare’s work, but for the time being they don’t know anybody who would be up to the task of dealing with the tragedies. The authors chosen for this peculiar task seem to be fascinated by the idea – after all, it doesn’t simply mean working in co-authorship with one of the most famous writers of all time, but also the challenge of expressing the four hundred year old notions in a modern world.

Teen Parent Institutions Proposed Method for Solving the...

The first day of high school, going to prom, learning to drive, graduating, getting a job, and buying the first car – these are some of the memorable events that occur in the life of an average American teenager. However, now more than ever, another event has been added to many teenagers’ lists: becoming a parent. Teen pregnancy is not a new issue; in fact, it has been a rising concern in the United States for decades. Voluntary efforts have been made by organizations such as Healthy Teen Network, The National Campaign, and Advocates for Youth to help reduce the overwhelming existence of teen pregnancy. Though health care clinics, teen parenting help programs, and alternative schools for pregnant women, pregnancy organizations have†¦show more content†¦Or perhaps, as CBS reporter David Sutta argues, it is simply because â€Å"more teens now think it’s hip to have a baby on your hip† (â€Å"Study: Teen Pregnancy†). No matter the reason , many teens today are finding themselves pregnant and faced with the consequences that follow. Plainly speaking, teens are not cut out to take on the responsibilities as parents and supporters of a family. This is seen through the host of problems that are closely linked to teen pregnancy. For example, many teen mothers struggle as single parents due to the absence of the father. The National Campaign discovered in a recent study that, sadly, eight out of ten fathers do not marry the teen mother (â€Å"National Data†). As a result, two out of three teen moms never finish high school and depend on welfare to get by (â€Å"National Data†). In addition, teen pregnancy is directly associated with potential health risks for the mother and the baby. Babies born to teen mothers are at a higher risk of physical complications, such as low birth weight and organs not fully developed, than babies born to women in their twenties and thirties. These health issues can lead t o respiratory distress, bleeding in the brain, vision loss, and intestinal problems (â€Å"Pregnancy Fact Sheets†). Teen mothers may also suffer from health problems if they cannot afford to receive regular prenatal care and pay for nutritious foods. Finally, teenShow MoreRelatedMarriage12231 Words   |  49 PagesCHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND INTRODUCTION Marriage is one of the deepest and most complex involvements of human relationships. It is a corner stone of society and a very necessary part of the social system. It is a crucial and sacred bond between two personalities merging into one for ideas, attitudes, habits and likes and dislikes. In Philippines marriage is considered a lifelong partnership. It is the foundation stone on which the family is built. Basically marriage is a socialRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pages978-0-13-612100-8 1. Management—-Study and teaching. 2. Management—Problems, exercises, etc. Kim S. II. Title. HD30.4.W46 2011 658.40071 173—dc22 I. Cameron, 2009040522 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 ISBN 10: 0-13-612100-4 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-612100-8 B R I E F TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S Preface xvii Introduction 1 PART I 1 2 3 PERSONAL SKILLS 44 Developing Self-Awareness 45 Managing Personal Stress 105 Solving Problems Analytically and Creatively 167 PART II 4 5 6 7 INTERPERSONALRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 PagesDesigning a Sampling Plan 63 Activity 2.2 An Experiment to Test for the Stroop Effect 64 Activity 2.3 McDonald’s and the Next 100 Billion Burgers 64 Activity 2.4 Video Games and Pain Management 65 Graphing Calculator Explorations 69 3 Graphical Methods for Describing Data 75 3.1 Displaying Categorical Data: Comparative Bar Charts and Pie Charts 76 3.2 Displaying Numerical Data: Stem-and-Leaf Displays 87 vii viii ââ€"   Contents 3.3 Displaying Numerical Data: Frequency DistributionsRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesEntrepreneurial Enterprise 48 HRM in a Global Environment 48 HR and Corporate Ethics Summary 50 Demonstrating Comprehension: Questions for Review 51 Key Terms 51 52 HRM Workshop 49 Guarding Against Discrimination Practices 65 DID YOU KNOW?: Is a Problem Brewing? 66 Determining Potential Discriminatory Practices 66 The 4/5ths Rule 66 Restricted Policy 66 Geographical Comparisons 67 McDonnell-Douglas Test 67 Responding to an EEO Charge 67 Business Necessity 68 Bona Fide Occupational Qualifications

Should Yahoo have been forced to turn over Justin Ellsworth’s email to his Parents Free Essays

In this essay, I will attempt to analyze the utilitarian and deontological considerations of the issue of should Yahoo had been forced to turn over Justin Ellsworth’s emails to his parents. Individual privacy is most valuable right that people possesses especially; during our time of advance technology. It is among the essential values on which our country was founded. We will write a custom essay sample on Should Yahoo have been forced to turn over Justin Ellsworth’s email to his Parents? or any similar topic only for you Order Now As with all rights, there are limitations. Technology advancement has added more challenges to individual privacy. Email privacy is an issue that affects a growing number of people. To fully appreciate the lack of privacy and security of our email messages, it is important to understand the issues and threat that exist† (Inforweblink). Many argue that a person email account contains as much as information as a person bank account if not more and it should be treated as such. If we should treat our email accounts as our bank accounts then is it right for the courts to force companies to hand over information to third parties? Utilitarian consideration is described as the â€Å"greatest good for the greatest number of people† (Bentham). To determine who would gain the most from the emails, we must identify the parties involve. The parties involved are Yahoo (the email service provider), Justin and Justin’s parents. With all email account, the user must sign a user agreement. In most agreement, privacy is the number one topic covered. Yahoo user agreement states, â€Å"You agree that your Yahoo! account is non-transferable and any rights to your Yahoo! ID or contents within your account terminate upon your death. † The statement was created to protect the privacy of all including the decease. Yahoo risked losing the trust of its users if they willingly gave up Justin’s email to his parents. According to Yahoo Information Sharing and Disclosure section of the user agreement, â€Å"Yahoo does not rent, sell, or share personal information about you with other people or nonaffiliated companies except to provide products or services you’ve requested, when we have your permission. † Therefore, if Justin wanting to share his information with his parents, then he would have gave them access to his account. â€Å"i should get going oh by the way i am saveing all of the e-mails that i get from everyon. â€Å"They really brighten my day i love you and i will talk to you soon! † LOVEYOUALL LOTS!!! JUSTIN These are some of the emails that Justin sent to his father, John Ellsworth. John will hold these words close to his heart. John pleaded with Yahoo to release the email to his family to fulfill the family wishes of â€Å"reading, seeing, and knowing the young man’s last words, pictures and thoughts from the front lines of Iraq. † â€Å"I want to be able to remember him in his words. I know he thought he was doing what he needed to do. I want to have that for the future,† John said. â€Å"It’s the last thing I have of my son. † Where should we put the most emphasis, Justin’s family memory or protecting the privacy of others? Justin’s account not only contains emails to his parents but to other also. If Yahoo had giving up the emails willingly to Justin’s parents, they would be violating the Justin privacy and those who he was corresponding with. After examining each party involved it clearly shows that Yahoo would gain the most of the email because the privacy of all is just as important as one. Deontological considerations access a person rights and duty associated with that right. Yahoo and Justin entered into a contract once Justin agreed to the terms and condition set forth by Yahoo in its user agreement therefore creating a contractual right. â€Å"Yahoo! has a contractual obligation to Justin and all e-mail subscribers to protect their confidentiality and privacy — dead or alive (Jennifer Chamber/ the Detroit News). † When Yahoo declined Justin’s parent’s access to his account they were fulfilling their obligation that they had with Justin. Many were quick to judge Yahoo without fully examining the situation. Frank McNelis, a former Air Force officer said, â€Å"Yahoo! could make an exception if it wanted to in this case†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"I think it’s outrageous,† he said. Justin had a part in the contractual agreement also. Yahoo Terms of Service agreement states, â€Å"You are responsible for maintaining the confidentiality of the password and account†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Once Justin accepted those terms, he was obligated to carry out his role in the TOS. The TOS might have played a part in Justin not giving his parents access to his account or maybe he just wanted his privacy. Looking at the deontological aspect of this situation, Yahoo was right to decline the family assess to Justin Ellsworth’s email account. Decided who was right in the case, brought up some challenges that had to be worked through in order to make the correct moral decision. Morally it was wrong of the court to force Yahoo to give up Justin’s emails to his parents. Yahoo is bound to protect their user privacy. The contractual right that Yahoo shared with Justin enabled them to make the moral decision. How to cite Should Yahoo have been forced to turn over Justin Ellsworth’s email to his Parents?, Papers

King Lear Essays (1352 words) - King Lear, Fool, Cordelia, Goneril

King Lear King Lear King Lear is a play written by William Shakespeare that focuses on the relationships of many characters, some good, some evil. This is a great tragedy that is full of injustice at the beginning and the restoring of justice towards the end. The good are misjudged as evil and the evil are accepted as good. It is not until the end of the play that the righteous people are recognized as such. There is great treachery and deceit involved in the hierarchy of English rule. The great mistake in this play was made by Lear when he decided to divide up his kingdom to his three daughters. In order to determine which share each should get, he had each of his daughters give testimonies of love for him. Cordelia, the youngest, refused to go overboard with her statement. When asked for her testimony, she simply replied, "Unhappy that I am, I cannot heave my heart into my mouth. I love your Majesty according to my bond, no more no less."(I,i, ln 91-93) Lear becomes enraged and casts her off saying, "Here I disclaim all my paternal care, propinquity and property of blood, and as a stranger to my heart and me hold this from thee for ever."(I,i, ln 113-116). Some think that Cordelia was prideful, or even a fool in her response, but I believe she was simply being honest and true. Another mistake that was made in the course of the play was by the Earl of Gloucester. After being tricked by his bastard son, Edmund, into believing that his other son, Edgar, was plotting to kill him, he put all his faith in Edmund, which would eventually lead to his demise. Besides believing that Cordelia was being true and honest to her father, I think that Lear and the Earl of Gloucester were fools, regarding the banishments of their righteous children. After reading this play, I found it hard to believe that Cordelia was being anything but true in her simple proclamation of love for her father. I can't believe that Shakespeare was trying to portray her as a spoiled, prideful child. I do not believe she was foolish in her decision to restrain from trying to persuade him into giving her a larger portion of his kingdom. I think it was apparent early that Cordelia was struggling with what she was going to say to her father. In her asides she says, "What shall Cordelia speak? Love, and be silent"(I,i, ln 62), and after Regan spoke, "Then poor Cordelia; And yet not so, since I am sure my love's more ponderous than my tongue."(I,i, ln 76-78). It is obvious that she loves her father, but she can't express it the way in which Lear wants her to. Because of this, she is disowned and sent away to France. The King even refers to her as, "Unfriended, new adopted to our hate, dow'red with our curse, and strangered with our oath."(I,i, ln 203-204). Cordelia's love for her father was shown further when she received the letters concerning Lear's mental state after being mistreated by his two other daughters. It was said that, "now and then an ample tear trilled down her delicate cheek."(IV,iii, ln 12-13). Cordelia then orders for some of the French soldiers to bring Lear to her so that she can look after him before the war between Britain and the French soldiers begins. Her love was further displayed when she says, "But love, dear love, and our aged father's right. Soon may I hear and see him!"(IV,iv, ln 28-29). Because of all of this, I firmly believe that Cordelia truly loved her father and was only being honest when she refused to profess her love for him in order to rule a portion of Britain. Besides believing that Cordelia was true in her response, I also think that Lear was acting as a fool when he disowned his only loving daughter. He made a monumental mistake when he handed over British rule to his two evil daughters, Regan and Goneril. This is what eventually led to his mental breakdown and the deaths of many of the heads of Britain. If he had only chose to keep control over his kingdom or to give up control to someone trustworthy, no one would have had to suffer as they did. Some people knew he was committing a terrible folly, especially the Earl of Kent. This is apparent when he says, "Think'st thou that duty shall have dread to speak when power to flattery bows? To

How to Find the Aquila Constellation

How to Find the Aquila Constellation The constellation Aquila is visible in the northern hemispheres summer sky and the southern hemispheres winter. This small but significant constellation features several fascinating deep sky objects that amateur astronomers can view with a backyard telescope. Finding Aquila Aquila is outlined in faint blue, and its brightest star is Altair. Look for it just below Cygnus the Swan and near Sagittarius. From a dark viewing site, observers can see that Aquila lies in the plane of the Milky Way. Carolyn Collins Petersen   The easiest way to find Aquila is to locate the nearby constellation Cygnus, the Swan. Its a roughly cross-shaped pattern of stars that is high overhead on summer evenings beginning in mid-July. Cygnus appears to be flying down the Milky Way galaxy (which we see from the inside as a band of stars stretching across the sky) toward Aquila, which looks like a crooked shape of a plus sign. The brightest stars of Aquila, Lyra, and Cygnus all form a familiar asterism called the Summer Triangle, which is visible in the northern hemisphere from early summer to late in the year.   Historical Interpretations Aquila has been a known constellation since antiquity. It was cataloged by the astronomer Claudius Ptolemy and was eventually adopted as one of the 88 modern constellations charted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU). Since it was first interpreted by the Babylonians, this star pattern has virtually always been identified as an eagle. In fact, the name aquila comes from the Latin word for eagle.  Aquila was also well known in ancient Egypt, where it was seen as a bird accompanying the god Horus. It was similarly interpreted by the Greeks and, later, the Romans, who dubbed it Vultur volans (the flying vulture). In China, myths about family and separation were told in relation to the star pattern. Polynesian cultures saw Aquila in several different ways, including as a warrior, a tool, and a navigational star. The Stars of the Aquila Constellation The six brightest stars in this region make up the body of the eagle, set against a backdrop of dimmer stars. Aquila is relatively small, compared to nearby constellations. Its brightest star is called ÃŽ ± Aquilae, also known as Altair. It lies only about 17 light-years from Earth, making it a pretty close neighbor. The second-brightest star is ÃŽ ² Aquilae, better known as Alshain. Its name comes from an Arabic term which means the balance. Astronomers commonly refer to stars in this way, using lowercase Greek letters to indicate the brightest as alpha, beta, and so on, to the dimmest ones lower in the alphabet. Aquila features several double stars, including 57 Aquilae. It contains an orange-colored star paired with a whitish-colored one.  Most viewers can spot this pair using a good set of binoculars or a backyard-type telescope. Search out Aquila for other double stars, too. The entire constellation of Aquila shown with IAU boundaries and the brightest stars that make up the pattern.   IAU/Sky Telescope Deep Sky Objects in Constellation Aquila Aquila lies in the plane of the Milky Way, which means that there are a number of star clusters within its boundaries. Most are fairly dim and require good binoculars to make them out. A good star chart will help you locate these. Theres also a planetary nebula or two in Aquila, including NGC 6781. It requires a good telescope to spot, and its a favorite challenge for astrophotographers.  With a powerful telescope, NGC 6781 is colorful and striking, as seen below. A view through a backyard-type telescope is not nearly so colorful, but instead shows a slightly greenish-gray blob of light. The planetary nebula NGC 6781 as photographed through one of the telescopes of the European Southern Observatory in Chile. This nebula lies in Aquila and can be spotted with a good backyard-type telescope. ESO   Aquila as a Springboard for Exploration Observers can use Aquila as a jumping-off spot to explore the Milky Way and the many clusters and objects that lie in nearby constellations, such as Sagittarius. The center of our galaxy lies in the direction of Sagittarius and its neighbor Scorpius. Just above Altair lie two tiny little constellations called Delphinus the Dolphin and Sagitta the Arrow. Delphinus is one of those star patterns that looks like its name, a cheery little Dolphin in the starry seas of the Milky Way.

Coffee Cup and Bomb Calorimetry

Coffee Cup and Bomb Calorimetry A calorimeter is a device used to measure the quantity of heat flow in a chemical reaction. Two of the most common types of calorimeters are the coffee cup calorimeter and the bomb calorimeter. Coffee Cup Calorimeter A coffee cup calorimeter is essentially a polystyrene (Styrofoam) cup with a lid. The cup is partially filled with a known volume of water and a thermometer is inserted through the lid of the cup so that its bulb is below the water surface. When a chemical reaction occurs in the coffee cup calorimeter, the heat of the reaction is absorbed by the water. The change in water temperature is used to calculate the amount of heat that has been absorbed (used to make products, so water temperature decreases) or evolved (lost to the water, so its temperature increases) in the reaction. Heat flow is calculated using the relation: q (specific heat) x m x Δt Where q is heat flow, m is mass in grams, and Δt is the change in temperature. The specific heat is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance 1 degree Celsius. The specific heat of water is 4.18 J/(g ·Ã‚ °C). For example, consider a chemical reaction that occurs in 200 grams of water with an initial temperature of 25.0 C. The reaction is allowed to proceed in the coffee cup calorimeter. As a result of the reaction, the temperature of the water changes to 31.0 C. The heat flow is calculated: qwater 4.18 J/(g ·Ã‚ °C) x 200 g x (31.0 C - 25.0 C) qwater 5.0 x 103 J The products of the reaction evolved 5,000 J of heat, which was lost to the water. The enthalpy change, ΔH, for the reaction is equal in magnitude but opposite in sign to the heat flow for the water: ΔHreaction -(qwater) Recall that for an exothermic reaction, ΔH 0, qwater is positive. The water absorbs heat from the reaction and an increase in temperature is seen. For an endothermic reaction, ΔH 0, qwater is negative. The water supplies heat for the reaction and a decrease in temperature is seen. Bomb Calorimeter A coffee cup calorimeter is great for measuring heat flow in a solution, but it cant be used for reactions that involve gases since they would escape from the cup. The coffee cup calorimeter cant be used for high-temperature reactions, either, because they would melt the cup. A bomb calorimeter is used to measure heat flows for gases and ​high-temperature reactions. A bomb calorimeter works in the same manner as a coffee cup calorimeter, with one big difference: In a coffee cup calorimeter, the reaction takes place in the water, while in a bomb calorimeter, the reaction takes place in a sealed metal container, which is placed in the water in an insulated container. Heat flow from the reaction crosses the walls of the sealed container to the water. The temperature difference of the water is measured, just as it was for a coffee cup calorimeter. Analysis of the heat flow is a bit more complex than it was for the coffee cup calorimeter because the heat flow into the metal parts of the calorimeter must be taken into account: qreaction - (qwater qbomb) where qwater 4.18 J/(g ·Ã‚ °C) x mwater x Δt The bomb has a fixed mass and specific heat. The mass of the bomb multiplied by its specific heat is sometimes termed the calorimeter constant, denoted by the symbol C with units of joules per degree Celsius. The calorimeter constant is determined experimentally and will vary from one calorimeter to the next. The heat flow of the bomb is: qbomb C x Δt Once the calorimeter constant is known, calculating heat flow is a simple matter. The pressure within a bomb calorimeter often changes during a reaction, so the heat flow may not be equal in magnitude to the enthalpy change.